以下SQL操作均在MYSQL上测试过

首先是表定义

 

1、创建student和score表

CREATE  TABLE  student (id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  ,name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL ,sex  VARCHAR(4)  ,birth  YEAR,department  VARCHAR(20) ,address  VARCHAR(50) );CREATE  TABLE  score (id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT ,stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL ,c_name  VARCHAR(20) ,grade  INT(10));

2.分别向student表和score表插入数据

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

3.查询student表和score的所有记录

SELECT * FROM student

SELECT * FROM score

4.查询student表的第2条到第4条记录

mysql> SELECT * FROM student LIMIT 1,3;+-----+--------+------+-------+------------+--------------+| id  | name   | sex  | birth | department | address      |+-----+--------+------+-------+------------+--------------+| 902 | 张老二 | 男   |  1986 | 中文系     | 北京市昌平区 || 903 | 张三   | 女   |  1990 | 中文系     | 湖南省永州市 || 904 | 李四   | 男   |  1990 | 英语系     | 辽宁省阜新市 |+-----+--------+------+-------+------------+--------------+

5.从student表查询所有学生的学号（id）、姓名（name）和院系（department）的信息

mysql> SELECT id,name,department FROM student;+-----+--------+------------+| id  | name   | department |+-----+--------+------------+| 901 | 张老大 | 计算机系   || 902 | 张老二 | 中文系     || 903 | 张三   | 中文系     || 904 | 李四   | 英语系     || 905 | 王五   | 英语系     || 906 | 王六   | 计算机系   |+-----+--------+------------+

6.从student表中查询计算机系和英语系的学生的信息

 

mysql> SELECT * FROM student WHERE department IN ('计算机系','英语系');+-----+--------+------+-------+------------+--------------+| id  | name   | sex  | birth | department | address      |+-----+--------+------+-------+------------+--------------+| 901 | 张老大 | 男   |  1985 | 计算机系   | 北京市海淀区 || 904 | 李四   | 男   |  1990 | 英语系     | 辽宁省阜新市 || 905 | 王五   | 女   |  1991 | 英语系     | 福建省厦门市 || 906 | 王六   | 男   |  1988 | 计算机系   | 湖南省衡阳市 |+-----+--------+------+-------+------------+--------------+

7.从student表中查询年龄18~22岁的学生信息

mysql> SELECT id,name,sex,2013-birth AS age,department,address-> FROM student-> WHERE 2013-birth BETWEEN 18 AND 22;+-----+------+------+------+------------+--------------+| id | name | sex | age | department | address |+-----+------+------+------+------------+--------------+| 905 | 王五 | 女 | 22 | 英语系 | 福建省厦门市 |+-----+------+------+------+------------+--------------+

8.从student表中查询每个院系有多少人

SELECT department,count(department) AS nums FROM student group by department;

9.从score表中查询每个科目的最高分

SELECT c_name,MAX(grade) AS max_score FROM score group by c_name;

10.查询李四的考试科目（c_name）和考试成绩（grade）

SELECT c_name, grade FROM score WHERE stu_id =(SELECT id FROM student WHERE name='李四');

11.用连接的方式查询所有学生的信息和考试信息

SELECT student.id,name,sex,birth,department,address,c_name,gradeFROM student,score WHERE student.id=score.stu_id;

或者用INNER JOIN

SELECT student.id,name,sex,birth,department,address,c_name,gradeFROM student INNER JOIN score on student.id=score.stu_id;

12.计算每个学生的总成绩（SUM函数）

SELECT student.id, name,SUM(grade) FROM student INNER JOIN score on student.id=score.stu_id GROUP BY id;

13.计算每个考试科目的平均成绩

SELECT c_name, AVG(grade) FROM score GROUP BY c_name;

14.查询计算机成绩低于95的学生信息

SELECT student.id,student.name,student.birth,student.department,student.address FROM student INNER JOIN score WHERE student.id = score.stu_id and c_name='计算机' and grade < 95;

或者

SELECT * FROM student WHERE id IN (SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE c_name='计算机' ANDgrade< 95);

 

15.查询同时参加计算机和英语考试的学生的信息

这个操作就很有玄机了，想了两种方法，

 第一种

SELECT *  FROM studentWHERE id IN(SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE stu_id IN (SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE c_name=  '计算机')AND c_name= '英语');

因为不能用where去筛选同是'计算机'和'英语'的stu_id，所有分两步筛选

第二种，

SELECT * FROM student WHERE id IN (SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE c_name in ('英语','计算机') group by stu_id having count(c_name)=2);

用having和count，简直无敌，having专门对聚类进行筛选

16.将计算机考试成绩按从高到低进行排序

 

SELECT stu_id, grade FROM score WHERE c_name='计算机' ORDER BY grade DESC;

17.从student表和score表中查询出学生的学号，然后合并查询结果

SELECT id FROM studentUNION SELECT stu_id FROM score;

18.查询姓张或者姓王的同学的姓名、院系和考试科目及成绩

 

SELECT student.id, student.name,student.department,score.c_name,score.grade FROM student,score WHERE student.id = score.stu_id AND (student.name LIKE '张%' or student.name LIKE '王%');

19.查询都是湖南的学生的姓名、年龄、院系和考试科目及成绩

SELECT student.id, student.name,student.department,score.c_name,score.grade FROM student,score WHERE student.id = score.stu_id AND (student.address LIKE '湖南%');